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Who Codes Justice? The Silent Use of Artificial Intelligence and the Challenge of Judicial Accountability in South-East Europe

In late 2023, UNESCO surveyed judicial operators around the world and found that 44 per cent were already using AI tools such as ChatGPT for work-related tasks. Only 9 per cent reported that their organisation had issued guidelines or provided training on such use.  The distance between those two figures captures a defining governance challenge, …

Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment and Algorithmic Public Administration: What South-East European Public Authorities Can Learn from the EU AI Act

The central legal question is not whether AI will replace the civil servant, but whether it will quietly reshape the legal conditions under which public authority is exercised. When an algorithm ranks, flags, predicts or recommends within an administrative procedure, digitalisation gives way to something more consequential: algorithmic public power. This is why the Fundamental …

Operationalising Fundamentals: Rule of Law Conditionality in the EU Growth Plan

The EU Growth Plan for the Western Balkans was introduced in 2023 as a complementary enlargement instrument designed to foster economic convergence and social development alongside the broader Europeanisation process. What distinguishes this instrument, however, is not merely its economic ambition but its method – modelled on the Recovery and Resilience Facility, the Growth Plan …