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Category: Technology and Law

Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Liability under Serbian Law: Who is responsible when an AI system causes legally relevant harm?

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Nataša Ranković |
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When an artificial intelligence system generates a fraudulent message, approves a dangerous transaction, or controls a device that causes injury, the immediate question is usually: who should be held responsible – the developer, the manufacturer, the user, the operator, or the system itself? Under Serbian law, the starting point is more straightforward than it may … →

Who Codes Justice? The Silent Use of Artificial Intelligence and the Challenge of Judicial Accountability in South-East Europe

Avatar for Ivana Kunda
Ivana Kunda |

In late 2023, UNESCO surveyed judicial operators around the world and found that 44 per cent were already using AI tools such as ChatGPT for work-related tasks. Only 9 per cent reported that their organisation had issued guidelines or provided training on such use.  The distance between those two figures captures a defining governance challenge, … →

Divergent paths to digital governance: DSA Implementation Through the Empowerment of a National Digital Services Coordinator in Bulgaria and Romania

Avatar for Lilia Georeva
Lilia Georeva |

The implementation of the Digital Services Act DSA in Bulgaria and Romania reveals how institutional and administrative capacity shape the EU’s ability to enforce uniform digital standards. The effectiveness of the Digital Services Act depends not only on transposition speed but on the depth of institutional empowerment. These regulatory divergences risk undermining the DSA’s effectiveness … →