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External militant democracy: The case of Bosnia & Herzegovina

Imagine a politician winning a democratic election. He/She enters office with a mandate from thousands of voters, only to discover that an unelected official can remove him from office, invalidate laws adopted by parliament, and effectively reshape the constitutional framework within which he operates. In most constitutional democracies, such a scenario would appear inconceivable. In …

Bosnia’s Dodik Case: A “Victory” for the Rule of Law

The conviction of Milorad Dodik, the then president of Republika Srpska (RS), by the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina on February 26th , 2025, which was upheld in totality by the appellate chamber of the same court on June 12th, 2025, represents both a watershed moment and a cautionary tale for the rule of law …

When Court Decisions Simply Aren’t Enough: What Comes Next for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Constitutional Crisis?

Following unprecedented legal moves toward the de facto secession of one of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s (BiH) subnational units—Republika Srpska (RS)—the Constitutional Court of BiH (CC BiH / the Court) has annulled laws and policies it deemed to undermine state sovereignty and the supremacy of national judicial and security institutions within RS territory. However, the legal …