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Divergent paths to digital governance: DSA Implementation Through the Empowerment of a National Digital Services Coordinator in Bulgaria and Romania

The implementation of the Digital Services Act DSA in Bulgaria and Romania reveals how institutional and administrative capacity shape the EU’s ability to enforce uniform digital standards. The effectiveness of the Digital Services Act depends not only on transposition speed but on the depth of institutional empowerment. These regulatory divergences risk undermining the DSA’s effectiveness …

The Cancellation of the Romanian Presidential Elections in 2024: Judgment No. 32 of the Constitutional Court of Romania

On December 6, 2024, the Constitutional Court of Romania (CCR) cancelled the first round of the Romanian presidential elections through its Judgment No. 32. The Court justified the cancellation with declassified reports from Romania’s intelligence services, alleging voter manipulation, the distortion of equal opportunities for electoral competitors, and campaign financing from undeclared sources. Various parties …

Political Ads Under the Microscope: EU Regulations and Romania’s Legal Framework in the Era of Digital Elections

Introduction The conclusion of Romania’s 2025 presidential elections provides a critical opportunity to examine how evolving regulatory frameworks have reshaped political advertising in the digital age. The elections, which saw a highly scrutinized digital campaign environment, provided a practical implementation context for the interplay between Regulation (EU) 2024/900 on transparency and targeting of political advertising, …