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Divergent paths to digital governance: DSA Implementation Through the Empowerment of a National Digital Services Coordinator in Bulgaria and Romania

The implementation of the Digital Services Act DSA in Bulgaria and Romania reveals how institutional and administrative capacity shape the EU’s ability to enforce uniform digital standards. The effectiveness of the Digital Services Act depends not only on transposition speed but on the depth of institutional empowerment. These regulatory divergences risk undermining the DSA’s effectiveness …

Can a National Referendum Delay Eurozone Accession – the Bulgarian Experience?

I. Factual background  On 8th of July 2025, Bulgaria was officially admitted to the Euro area, with entry effective as from 1st of January 2026. The process preceding this approval generated significant debate within the Bulgarian political and legal spheres. In 2023, a group of 49 Members of Parliament (MPs) submitted a request to the …

Beyond the Mandate: The ECJ’s Entry into Bulgaria’s Rule of Law Landscape

Bulgaria is an EU Member State facing long-standing rule of law concerns, including persistent deficiencies in judicial independence and an increasingly troubling pattern of fundamental rights violations. Compared to other EU Member States with similar entrenched structural problems, like Poland, Hungary or Romania, Bulgaria has not featured prominently in the Commission’s rule of law enforcement …